Part one covered research done at the University of Pennsylvania involving genetic analysis of persons of African ancestry related to glaucoma. Of course, genes aren’t the only place that may provide clues about glaucoma development. The macula may also show early signs of the disease.
The macula is a part of the retina that is required for sharp vision. Research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison suggests that low density of pigment in the macula is associated with retinal thinning, which may serve as an early warning sign of glaucoma.
Current screening for the disease relies on measuring the pressure in the eye. High intraocular pressure indicates a higher risk of glaucoma, but the disease can develop in individuals with normal intraocular pressure, underscoring the need for improved detection methods in order for treatment to start earlier.
This study looked at the link between macular pigment optical density and retinal thickness, measured at baseline in 379 women. Fifteen years later, 32 women in this group developed glaucoma. Compared with those who did not have glaucoma, the women with glaucoma were older, had lower macular pigment density at baseline, and had thinner retinal layers in the macula corresponding to areas affected by glaucoma.
The results produced significant insights into the biological relationship between macular pigment density and glaucoma. The findings also indicate that a diet rich in zeaxanthin and lutein—carotenoids that may help prevent glaucoma or slow its progression—could also enhance macular pigment. Foods containing these carotenoids include egg yolks, corn, red seedless grapes, carrots, squash and pumpkins. They also protect against oxidative stress, cell death and inflammation.
“The findings also support the need for ongoing clinical trials to determine whether increasing macular pigment density through carotenoid intake or low-cost supplementation may be effective in preventing glaucoma development or progression,” said the study’s principal investigator, Yao Liu, M.D. M.S., assistant professor of ophthalmology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
These approaches towards understanding glaucoma, which include genetic analysis and examining the link between macular pigment density and retinal thickness, represent a comprehensive strategy to combat this disease. The work done at the University of Pennsylvania Perlman School of Medicine, highlights crucial gene variants associated with primary open-angle glaucoma, particularly in individuals of African descent, offering insights that may pave the way for personalized treatments. The investigation at the University of Wisconsin-Madison encourages a reevaluation of traditional screening methods and highlights the potential role of dietary factors in preventing glaucoma. These two research projects underscore the importance of creating targeted strategies for identifying, targeting and preventing glaucoma. All of which create a brighter future for those at risk for glaucoma and enhancing ocular health for all.